Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the most widely used 3D printing techniques due to its simplicity and affordability. In FDM, a spool of thermoplastic filament is fed through a heated nozzle, where it melts and is precisely deposited layer by layer onto a build platform. As the nozzle moves along the pre-defined path, the material cools and solidifies, forming the final object.
The process supports a range of thermoplastics, including PLA, ABS, PETG, and nylon, each offering different properties such as flexibility, strength, or heat resistance. FDM printers come in various sizes, from compact desktop models for hobbyists to industrial-grade machines for professional applications.
Though the surface finish may not be as smooth as other 3D printing methods like SLA (Stereolithography), post-processing techniques like sanding and polishing can enhance the final product. FDM is ideal for rapid prototyping, functional testing, and even small-scale production of custom parts. Its accessibility and ease of use have made it a go-to option for engineers, designers, educators, and hobbyists, allowing the creation of durable, functional models with relatively low material costs.